In the following section, we performed traditional linear regression with equation \[Y = \beta_0 + \beta_1 *X\] where \(Y\) is one of the epigenetic age accelerations, and \(X\) is one of the ambient exposure measurements or the urinary measurements.
The estimations of \(\beta_1\) with given \(Y\) and \(X\) are shown below, which can be interpreted as “the mean of Y changes given a one-unit increase in X while holding other variables constant”.
## X: Ambient Exposure Measurements:
## bap pm25
## Horvath EAA -0.0063 (0.0046) 0.0021 (0.0022)
## Hannum EAA -0.0022 (0.0042) -0.0002 (0.002 )
## PhenoAge EAA -0.0035 (0.0045) -0.0017 (0.0022)
## Skin&Blood EAA 0.0029 (0.0034) -0.0005 (0.0017)
## GrimAge EAA 0.0015 (0.0031) 0.001 (0.0015)
## DNAmTL 0.0001 (0.0002) 0 (0.0001)
## IEAA -0.0083* (0.0041) 0.0024 (0.002 )
## EEAA -0.0008 (0.0053) 0.0001 (0.0026)
## [P<0.001: ***; P<0.01: **; P<0.05: *] <NA>
## ANY BPE BaA
## Horvath EAA 0.0009 ***(0.0003) -0.0067 (0.0043) -0.0037 (0.0028)
## Hannum EAA 0.0004 (0.0003) -0.003 (0.004 ) -0.0014 (0.0025)
## PhenoAge EAA 0.0005 (0.0003) -0.0055 (0.0043) -0.001 (0.0027)
## Skin&Blood EAA 0.0004 (0.0002) 0.0027 (0.0032) 0.0013 (0.0021)
## GrimAge EAA 0.0006 ***(0.0002) 0.001 (0.0029) 0.0013 (0.0019)
## DNAmTL 0 (0 ) 0 (0.0002) 0 (0.0001)
## IEAA 0.0008 ** (0.0002) -0.0091* (0.0038) -0.0047 (0.0025)
## EEAA 0.0006 (0.0003) -0.0019 (0.005 ) -0.0004 (0.0032)
## <NA> <NA> <NA>
## BbF BkF CHR
## Horvath EAA -0.003 (0.0028) -0.0182 (0.0126) -0.003 (0.003 )
## Hannum EAA -0.0015 (0.0026) -0.0076 (0.0115) -0.0015 (0.0027)
## PhenoAge EAA -0.0016 (0.0028) -0.0101 (0.0124) -0.0007 (0.003 )
## Skin&Blood EAA 0.0013 (0.0021) 0.0064 (0.0094) 0.0013 (0.0022)
## GrimAge EAA 0.0013 (0.0019) 0.0055 (0.0085) 0.0019 (0.002 )
## DNAmTL 0 (0.0001) 0.0002 (0.0005) 0 (0.0001)
## IEAA -0.0041 (0.0025) -0.0236* (0.0112) -0.004 (0.0027)
## EEAA -0.0006 (0.0032) -0.0033 (0.0146) -0.0004 (0.0035)
## <NA> <NA> <NA>
## DBA FLT FLU
## Horvath EAA -0.0183 (0.0111) -0.0053 (0.0029) 0.0009 (0.0008)
## Hannum EAA -0.0091 (0.0102) -0.0025 (0.0027) -0.0003 (0.0007)
## PhenoAge EAA -0.0089 (0.0109) -0.0015 (0.0029) 0.0006 (0.0007)
## Skin&Blood EAA 0.0046 (0.0083) -0.0002 (0.0022) 0.0005 (0.0006)
## GrimAge EAA 0.0043 (0.0075) 0.001 (0.002 ) 0.0009 (0.0005)
## DNAmTL -0.0001 (0.0004) 0.0001 (0.0001) 0 (0 )
## IEAA -0.0244* (0.0098) -0.0053* (0.0026) 0.0007 (0.0007)
## EEAA -0.0054 (0.0129) -0.0024 (0.0034) -0.0001 (0.0009)
## <NA> <NA> <NA>
## IPY NAP PHE
## Horvath EAA -0.0099 (0.0078) 0.0002 ***(0.0001) 0.0007 (0.0005)
## Hannum EAA -0.0029 (0.0072) 0.0001 (0.0001) -0.0001 (0.0004)
## PhenoAge EAA -0.0091 (0.0077) 0.0001 * (0.0001) 0.0005 (0.0005)
## Skin&Blood EAA 0.0058 (0.0058) 0.0001 (0 ) 0.0003 (0.0004)
## GrimAge EAA 0.0035 (0.0053) 0.0001 ***(0 ) 0.0007 * (0.0003)
## DNAmTL 0.0001 (0.0003) 0 (0 ) 0 (0 )
## IEAA -0.0143* (0.0069) 0.0002 ** (0 ) 0.0006 (0.0004)
## EEAA -0.0014 (0.0091) 0.0001 (0.0001) 0 (0.0006)
## <NA> <NA> <NA>
## PYR
## Horvath EAA -0.0047 (0.0029)
## Hannum EAA -0.002 (0.0026)
## PhenoAge EAA -0.0013 (0.0028)
## Skin&Blood EAA 0.0003 (0.0021)
## GrimAge EAA 0.0011 (0.0019)
## DNAmTL 0.0001 (0.0001)
## IEAA -0.0049 (0.0025)
## EEAA -0.0018 (0.0033)
## <NA>
## X: Urinary Measurements:
## Benzanthracene_Chrysene Naphthalene
## Horvath EAA -0.0162 (0.1265) -0.0015** (0.0006)
## Hannum EAA 0.0352 (0.1136) -0.0012* (0.0005)
## PhenoAge EAA -0.0765 (0.122 ) -0.0011 (0.0006)
## Skin&Blood EAA 0.0887 (0.0962) -0.0015***(0.0004)
## GrimAge EAA 0.1007 (0.0846) 0 (0.0004)
## DNAmTL -0.0031 (0.005 ) 0 (0 )
## IEAA -0.0706 (0.1152) -0.0011* (0.0005)
## EEAA 0.0856 (0.1441) -0.0012 (0.0006)
## [P<0.001: ***; P<0.01: **; P<0.05: *] <NA>
## 2.Methylnaphthalene 1.Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthene
## Horvath EAA -0.0068 (0.0069) -0.0099 (0.0166) 0.0385 (0.0367)
## Hannum EAA -0.0046 (0.0063) -0.021 (0.0148) 0.0341 (0.033 )
## PhenoAge EAA -0.0096 (0.0066) -0.0213 (0.0159) 0.0845 * (0.035 )
## Skin&Blood EAA -0.0071 (0.0053) -0.0243 (0.0126) -0.0146 (0.0283)
## GrimAge EAA 0.007 (0.0047) 0.0104 (0.0111) 0.0614 * (0.0241)
## DNAmTL -0.0003 (0.0003) -0.0005 (0.0007) -0.001 (0.0015)
## IEAA -0.0045 (0.0063) -0.0035 (0.015 ) 0.0604 (0.0331)
## EEAA -0.0034 (0.0079) -0.0196 (0.0189) 0.0409 (0.0419)
## <NA> <NA> <NA>
## Phenanthrene_Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene
## Horvath EAA 0.003 * (0.0014) 0.0369 * (0.0165) 0.4084 (0.7656)
## Hannum EAA 0 (0.0013) -0.0026 (0.0152) 0.3312 (0.693 )
## PhenoAge EAA 0.0015 (0.0014) 0.0142 (0.0164) 1.0036 (0.7185)
## Skin&Blood EAA 0.0003 (0.0011) 0.0088 (0.0129) 0.4872 (0.5667)
## GrimAge EAA 0.0029 ** (0.0009) 0.0305 ** (0.011 ) 0.7729 (0.5012)
## DNAmTL -0.0002** (0.0001) -0.0017** (0.0007) -0.013 (0.0301)
## IEAA 0.0025 (0.0013) 0.029 (0.0152) 0.7624 (0.688 )
## EEAA 0.0004 (0.0016) 0.0017 (0.0193) 0.5581 (0.8757)
## <NA> <NA> <NA>
In the following section, we performed traditional linear regression with equation \[Y = \beta_0 + \beta_1 * I(Smoky) + \beta_2 * I(Plant) + \beta_3 * I(Wood)\] where \(Y\) is one of the epigenetic age accelerations and the reference as the smokeless fuel type.
The estimations of \(\beta_0\), \(\beta_1\), \(\beta_2\), and \(\beta_3\) with given \(Y\) are shown below, which can be interpreted as “the expected change of Y if switching form the smokeless fuel type to the given fuel type, while holding other variables constant”.
In the following section, we performed traditional linear regression with equation \[Y = \beta_0 + \beta_1 * I(Smoky) + \beta_2 * I(Wood) + \beta_3 * I(Mix)\] where \(Y\) is one of the epigenetic age accelerations and the reference as the smokeless fuel type.
The estimations of \(\beta_0\), \(\beta_1\), \(\beta_2\), and \(\beta_3\) with given \(Y\) are shown below, which can be interpreted as “the expected change of Y if switching form the smokeless fuel type to the given fuel type, while holding other variables constant”.
In the following section, we performed traditional linear regression with equation \[Y = \beta_0 + \beta_1 * I(Smoky)\] where \(Y\) is one of the epigenetic age accelerations and the reference as the mix fuel type.
The estimations of \(\beta_0\) and \(\beta_1\) with given \(Y\) are shown below, which can be interpreted as “the expected change of Y if switching form the smokeless fuel type to the given fuel type, while holding other variables constant”.
In the following section, we performed traditional linear regression with equation \[Y = \beta_0 + \beta_1 * I(HS) + \beta_2 * I(LS) + \beta_3 * I(Mix) + \beta_4 * I(PS)\] where \(Y\) is one of the epigenetic age accelerations and the baseline as the FP stove type.
The estimations of \(\beta_0\), \(\beta_1\), \(\beta_2\), \(\beta_3\), and \(\beta_4\) with given \(Y\) are shown below, which can be interpreted as “the expected change of Y if switching form the FP stove type to the given stove type, while holding other variables constant”.
In the following section, we performed traditional regression with equation \[Y = \beta_0 + \beta_1 *log(x)\] where \(Y\) is one of the epigenetic age accelerations, and \(X\) is one of the ambient exposure measurements or the urinary measurements.
The estimations of \(\beta_1\) with given \(Y\) and \(log(X)\) are shown below, which can be interpreted as “the mean of Y changes given a one-unit increase in log(X) while holding other variables constant”.
## X: Ambient Exposure Measurements:
## bap pm25
## Horvath EAA -0.1362 (0.3582) 0.5568 (0.5589)
## Hannum EAA -0.2311 (0.3252) -0.2077 (0.504 )
## PhenoAge EAA -0.343 (0.3492) -0.1357 (0.5458)
## Skin&Blood EAA 0.4239 (0.2633) -0.0464 (0.431 )
## GrimAge EAA 0.1078 (0.2404) 0.3982 (0.3753)
## DNAmTL -0.0009 (0.0143) -0.0155 (0.0222)
## IEAA -0.4409 (0.3179) 0.45 (0.5099)
## EEAA -0.0792 (0.4128) -0.0484 (0.6417)
## [P<0.001: ***; P<0.01: **; P<0.05: *] <NA>
## ANY BPE BaA
## Horvath EAA 0.839 (0.4663) -0.0904 (0.3408) -0.0656 (0.2945)
## Hannum EAA 0.3086 (0.4271) -0.217 (0.3092) -0.1947 (0.2672)
## PhenoAge EAA 0.5895 (0.4442) -0.4076 (0.3313) -0.2221 (0.2874)
## Skin&Blood EAA 0.6006 (0.3401) 0.5006 * (0.249 ) 0.2773 (0.2173)
## GrimAge EAA 0.5475 (0.296 ) 0.1302 (0.2285) 0.0904 (0.1976)
## DNAmTL -0.0002 (0.0172) -0.0042 (0.0136) -0.0009 (0.0117)
## IEAA 0.6938 (0.4173) -0.3941 (0.3026) -0.3025 (0.2619)
## EEAA 0.3596 (0.5394) -0.1155 (0.3925) -0.0688 (0.3393)
## <NA> <NA> <NA>
## BbF BkF CHR
## Horvath EAA 0.0403 (0.3763) -0.1195 (0.3712) 0.0323 (0.3002)
## Hannum EAA -0.0818 (0.342 ) -0.2105 (0.3371) -0.128 (0.2727)
## PhenoAge EAA -0.2943 (0.3671) -0.2856 (0.3623) -0.2322 (0.2929)
## Skin&Blood EAA 0.4103 (0.2769) 0.4104 (0.2732) 0.1986 (0.2222)
## GrimAge EAA 0.0887 (0.2525) 0.1327 (0.249 ) 0.0771 (0.2014)
## DNAmTL -0.0004 (0.015 ) 0.0008 (0.0148) 0 (0.0119)
## IEAA -0.2556 (0.3356) -0.4337 (0.3296) -0.2023 (0.2678)
## EEAA 0.0438 (0.4335) -0.0435 (0.4278) -0.0095 (0.3459)
## <NA> <NA> <NA>
## DBA FLT FLU
## Horvath EAA -0.2082 (0.301 ) -0.1165 (0.2265) 0.9046 (0.5224)
## Hannum EAA -0.188 (0.2736) -0.2037 (0.2053) 0.1097 (0.4791)
## PhenoAge EAA -0.1554 (0.2946) -0.1963 (0.221 ) 0.425 (0.4999)
## Skin&Blood EAA 0.2699 (0.2226) 0.1118 (0.168 ) 0.5274 (0.3831)
## GrimAge EAA 0.116 (0.2022) 0.0597 (0.1521) 0.4849 (0.3336)
## DNAmTL -0.0105 (0.012 ) 0.0027 (0.009 ) -0.0073 (0.0192)
## IEAA -0.4658 (0.2663) -0.2445 (0.2015) 0.7045 (0.4681)
## EEAA -0.0709 (0.3474) -0.1096 (0.261 ) 0.1407 (0.6048)
## <NA> <NA> <NA>
## IPY NAP PHE
## Horvath EAA -0.2572 (0.3784) 1.3658 * (0.5334) 0.9223 (0.4917)
## Hannum EAA -0.31 (0.3435) 0.6014 (0.4947) 0.1548 (0.452 )
## PhenoAge EAA -0.3773 (0.3692) 0.9077 (0.5135) 0.5547 (0.4701)
## Skin&Blood EAA 0.4216 (0.2789) 0.9078 * (0.3912) 0.5075 (0.3615)
## GrimAge EAA 0.1161 (0.2542) 0.7946 * (0.341 ) 0.5432 (0.3133)
## DNAmTL -0.0037 (0.0151) -0.0073 (0.02 ) -0.0058 (0.0181)
## IEAA -0.5545 (0.3351) 1.1099 * (0.4791) 0.7783 (0.4397)
## EEAA -0.2198 (0.4362) 0.7784 (0.6243) 0.2102 (0.5706)
## <NA> <NA> <NA>
## PYR
## Horvath EAA -0.105 (0.2283)
## Hannum EAA -0.1869 (0.207 )
## PhenoAge EAA -0.2032 (0.2227)
## Skin&Blood EAA 0.1428 (0.1692)
## GrimAge EAA 0.0455 (0.1533)
## DNAmTL 0.0015 (0.0091)
## IEAA -0.254 (0.203 )
## EEAA -0.0833 (0.2631)
## <NA>
## X: Urine Measurements:
## Benzanthracene_Chrysene Naphthalene
## Horvath EAA 0.2936 (0.4004) -0.099 (0.4973)
## Hannum EAA 0.0618 (0.3605) -0.0471 (0.447 )
## PhenoAge EAA -0.2225 (0.3871) -0.1788 (0.4836)
## Skin&Blood EAA 0.1819 (0.3059) -0.2704 (0.3813)
## GrimAge EAA 0.3571 (0.2679) 0.4907 (0.3313)
## DNAmTL -0.0202 (0.0157) -0.0148 (0.0197)
## IEAA -0.1899 (0.3657) 0.1153 (0.4532)
## EEAA 0.2803 (0.4572) 0.0566 (0.5687)
## [P<0.001: ***; P<0.01: **; P<0.05: *] <NA>
## 2.Methylnaphthalene 1.Methylnaphthalene Acenaphthene
## Horvath EAA 0.2761 (0.4882) 0.1266 (0.4585) 0.3522 (0.411 )
## Hannum EAA 0.3532 (0.4424) 0.0915 (0.4107) 0.377 (0.3689)
## PhenoAge EAA -0.0442 (0.4722) -0.1355 (0.4417) 0.8679 * (0.3936)
## Skin&Blood EAA -0.1176 (0.3798) -0.2415 (0.3515) -0.1501 (0.3164)
## GrimAge EAA 0.6975 * (0.3304) 0.2879 (0.307 ) 0.5668 * (0.2723)
## DNAmTL -0.0337 (0.019 ) -0.0093 (0.0181) -0.0093 (0.0163)
## IEAA 0.1716 (0.447 ) -0.0176 (0.4152) 0.4444 (0.3736)
## EEAA 0.553 (0.5545) 0.3327 (0.523 ) 0.5495 (0.4688)
## <NA> <NA> <NA>
## Phenanthrene_Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene
## Horvath EAA 0.8296 * (0.3619) 0.7071 (0.4384) 0.5393 (0.7146)
## Hannum EAA 0.2536 (0.3311) 0.0125 (0.398 ) 0.0884 (0.6483)
## PhenoAge EAA 0.5023 (0.3565) 0.4379 (0.4291) 0.3926 (0.6764)
## Skin&Blood EAA 0.1704 (0.2833) 0.0058 (0.3402) 0.711 (0.5271)
## GrimAge EAA 0.5306 * (0.2436) 0.5115 (0.294 ) 0.4075 (0.4719)
## DNAmTL -0.04 ** (0.0142) -0.0291 (0.0174) -0.0135 (0.0281)
## IEAA 0.5085 (0.3336) 0.4288 (0.4019) 0.7286 (0.6429)
## EEAA 0.4758 (0.4202) 0.0717 (0.5064) 0.3025 (0.8194)
## <NA> <NA> <NA>